HMPV or Human Metapneumovirus has recently gained attention worldwide after an outbreak reported in China. Two cases of HMP have also been reported in Karnataka, India, both being infants.

However Chinese health officials have not confirmed that the recent surge in hospital cases is due to HMPV. In fact, recent reports from China’s Centre for Disease Control and Prevention have suggested that the increased hospitalisation might actually be due to influence. However, less public knowledge about HMPV and the worry about a potential pandemic has risen in the US and the world. Though experts say there isn’t a need for alarm, we must understand the HMPV to put our concerns to rest.

What is HMPV?

HMPV is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild flu-like symptoms. It can cause both upper and lower respiratory disease in people of all ages. Young children, specifically infants, people of old age and those with a weakened immune system are the most at risk.

The Virus was first discovered in 2001, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and is closely linked to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Although HMPV has recently come to light, the virus peaks every year between November and May and accounts for 4-16% of acute respiratory infections globally While most adults can develop immunity to the virus through previous exposure, it has been more severe in some cases.

Read More: India Confirms Three Cases of HMPV in Young Children

HMPV Symptoms

HMPV symptoms typically depend on the person’s age, health and immune system. In most cases, the following symptoms are seen most commonly:

• Cough
• Fever
• Runny nose and nasal congestion
• Sore Throat

In severe cases, the symptoms may look like this:

• Difficulty breathing
• Wheezing
• Hoarseness
• Pneumonia
• Aggravation of asthma in adults

These more severe symptoms of respiratory illness can be seen in infants, the elderly and those with weak immune systems.

Who is at Risk?

Everyone can contract HMPV but it is most concerning for young children, the elderly and individuals with compromised immune systems. In India, the two cases reported were both of infants because children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable, with more cases progressing to pneumonia. Those with underlying health conditions may also experience much more severe symptoms than the rest.

Prevention 

HMPV spreads in ways similar to any respiratory virus such as the common cold. Transmission occurs mostly through respiratory droplets from infected individuals or contact with contaminated surfaces. To prevent the transmission, good hygiene is essential, including handwashing with soap and water.

Furthermore, covering the mouth when sneezing and coughing, wearing a mask and avoiding going in public when infected with flu-like symptoms are also important preventative measures.

Treatment 

At the moment, no medication or vaccine has been developed to treat HMPV. Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and mild cases are usually treated with over-the-counter medicines. Patients are also advised to stay hydrated and eat what strengthens their immune system.

If the condition is severe, the patient may be advised to be admitted to the hospital and given oxygen therapy. Early medication is key to managing HMPV in most cases.

 Is HMPV Worse than COVID-19?

Experts say that the outbreak of HMPV isn’t as bad as that of COVID since it’s not responsible for as many cases. According to the latest data from the CDC, HMPV accounts for less than 2% of weekly positive tests. For a disease to be considered widespread, it needs to be above 10% of positive cases.

Moreover, the difference between the two diseases lies in the underlying virus. COVID-19 has a broader spectrum of symptoms, such as loss of taste and smell and even blood clotting in severe cases. No such symptoms are seen in HMPV.

While health experts have advised that there is no cause for panic or emergency, it is our responsibility to take precautions. If you or anyone you know is experiencing the symptoms listed above, contact your nearest hospital now.

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